User talk:Geester305

Country of Peru

  The country of peru is what i will be discussing with you today.The first thing i will be talking about is the flag.The flag has three stripes.The first stripe is color red.So is the last stripe.The sencond stripe is color white.The capital of peru is Lima.The president is Alan 

Garcia.The vice president is Luis Giampier.The area is 1,285,220 496,222 sq mi.The population is 2007celcus 28,220,764.The offical language is spanish.

History of Peru

  Ill also like to talk about Ruins of Peru.The earliest evidence of human presence in Peruvian territory has been dated to approximately 11,000 years BCE.[6] The oldest known complex society in Peru, the Norte Chico civilization, flourished along the coast of the Pacific Ocean between 3000 and 1800 BCE.[7] These early developments were followed by archaeological cultures such as Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Wari, and Chimu. In the 15th century, the Incas emerged as a powerful state which, in the span of a century, formed the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.[8] Andean societies were based on agriculture, using techniques such as irrigation and terracing; camelid husbandry and fishing were also important. Organization relied on reciprocity and redistribution because these societies had no notion of market or money.
  In 1532, a group of conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro defeated Inca Emperor Atahualpa and imposed Spanish rule. Ten years later, the Spanish Crown established the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of its South American colonies.[10] Viceroy Francisco de Toledo reorganized the country in the 1570s with silver mining as its main economic activity and Indian forced labor as its primary workforce.[11] Peruvian bullion provided revenue for the Spanish Crown and fueled a complex trade network that extended as far as Europe and the Philippines.[12] However, by the 18th century, declining silver production and economic diversification greatly diminished royal income.[13] In response, the Crown enacted the Bourbon Reforms, a series of edicts that increased taxes and partitioned the Viceroyalty of Peru.[14] The new laws provoked Túpac Amaru II's rebellion and other revolts, all of which were defeated.

Cultures of Peru

  Ill also like to talk about is the cultures.Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish traditions,[76] though it has also been influenced by various African, Asian, and European ethnic groups. Peruvian artistic traditions date back to the elaborate pottery, textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of Pre-Inca cultures. The Incas maintained these crafts and made architectural achievements including the construction of Machu Picchu. Baroque dominated colonial art, though modified by native traditions.[77] During this period, most art focused on religious subjects; the numerous churches of the era and the paintings of the Cuzco School are representative.[78] Arts stagnated after independence until the emergence of Indigenismo in the early 20th century.[79] Since the 1950s, Peruvian art has been eclectic and shaped by both foreign and local art currents.
  Peruvian literature has its roots in the oral traditions of pre-Columbian civilizations. Spaniards introduced writing in the 16th century; colonial literary expression included chronicles and religious literature. After independence, Costumbrism and Romanticism became the most common literary genres, as exemplified in the works of Ricardo Palma.[81] In the early 20th century, the Indigenismo movement produced such writers as Ciro Alegría,[82] José María Arguedas,[83] and César Vallejo.[84] During the second half of the century, Peruvian literature became more widely known because of authors such as Mario Vargas Llosa, a leading member of the Latin American Boom.

Goverment of Peru and Politics of Peru

  The goverment of peru is very interesting,so i will be discussing it with you.Peru is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. Under the current constitution, the President is the head of state and government; he or she is elected for five years and may not immediately be re-elected.[29] The President designates the Prime Minister and, with his advice, the rest of the Council of Ministers.[30] There is a unicameral Congress with 120 members elected for a five-year term.[31] Bills may be proposed by either the executive or the legislative branch; they become law after being passed by Congress and promulgated by the President.[32] The judiciary is nominally independent,[33] though political intervention into judicial matters has been common throughout history and arguably continues today.
  The Peruvian government is directly elected, and voting is compulsory for all citizens aged 18 to 70.[35] General elections held in 2006 ended in a second round victory for presidential candidate Alan García of the Peruvian Aprista Party (52.6% of valid votes) over Ollanta Humala of Union for Peru (47.4%).[36] Congress is currently composed of the Peruvian Aprista Party (36 seats), Peruvian Nationalist Party (23 seats), Union for Peru (19 seats), National Unity (15 seats), the Fujimorista Alliance for the Future (13 seats), the Parliamentary Alliance (9 seats) and the Democratic Special Parliamentary Group (5 seats).

Foods of Peru

  Im goin to talk about some delicous food with you.Peruvian cuisine is a blend of Amerindian and Spanish food with strong influences from African, Arab, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese cooking.[86] Common dishes include anticuchos, ceviche, humitas, and pachamanca. Because of the variety of climates within Peru, a wide range of plants and animals are available for cooking.[87] Peruvian cuisine has recently received acclaim due to its diversity of ingredients and techniques.
  Peruvian music has Andean, Spanish and African roots.[89] In pre-Hispanic times, musical expressions varied widely from region to region; the quena and the tinya were two common instruments.[90] Spanish conquest brought the introduction of new instruments such as the guitar and the harp, as well as the development of crossbred instruments like the charango.[91] African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the cajón, a percussion instrument.[92] Peruvian folk dances include marinera, tondero, danza de tijeras and huayno.[93]

Demographics of Peru

  With about 28 million inhabitants, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America as of 2007.[65] Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050.[66] As of 2007, 75.9% lived in urban areas and 24.1% in rural areas.[67] Major cities include Lima, Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote, and Huancayo, all of which reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census.
  Peru is a multiethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century; their population decreased from an estimated 9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly due to infectious diseases.[69] Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. After independence, there has been a gradual European immigration from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.[70] Chinese arrived in the 1850s as a replacement for slave workers and have since become a major influence in Peruvian society.[71] Other immigrant groups include Arabs and Japanese.